Fig. 3

Evolution of en bloc and cytoreductive surgery. a Halsteadian principle of radical mastectomy [35]; b Clark’s radical hysterectomy for carcinoma of the cervix [37]. c Magrath’s demonstration of improved survival with surgical resection of abdominal Burkitt’s lymphoma [30]; d Original table from Griffith’s seminal report on the impact of residual disease following surgery and survival in ovarian cancer [31]; e Bristow’s meta-analysis demonstrating that each additional 10 % effort at maximal cytoreduction confers a 5.5 % survival advantage in advanced ovarian cancer treated during the platinum era [32]; f Overall survival curves from GOG 172 demonstrating 16 month improvement among women who had undergone optimal cytoreduction followed by intravenous-intraperitoneal chemotherapy [4]